Dawooyinka badanaa la isticmaalo inta uurka la leeyahay
1. xanuun baabi’yeyaasha
a) Barasitamol (kiniinyada 500mg)
Maxaa loo isticmaalaa?Barasitamol waa xanuun baabi’ye badanaa la isticmaalo xilliga uurka. Wuxuu u shaqeeyaa qaabka yareynta xanuunka iyo yareynta heerkulka sare. Wuxuu joojin karaa xanuunka yar ama midka dhexdhexaadka ah, sida madax xanuun, ilko xanuun, cuno xanuun, lafa xanuun, astaamaha hargabka iyo qandhadha.Sideen u qaataa?Si joogto ah ayaa loo qaadan karaa ama markii loo baahdo xanuun awgiis.Qiyaasta: Dadka waaweyn iyo dhalinyarada da’doodu tahay 12 iyo wixii ka weyn: waxay qaataan 2 kiniini ilaa 4 jeer maalintii, hadba sida loogu baahdo. Kiniiniyada waa in lagu dejiyaa biyo. Isticmaal kaliya inta aad u baahan tahay si aad u yareyso astaamaha, ugu yaraan 4 saacadoodna u dhexeysii isticmaal walba. Ha qaadan wax ka badan 8 kiniini 23 saacadood gudahood.Waa maxay waxyeelooyinka?Barasitamol guud ahaan si wanaagsan ayuu ugu dulqaataa jirka dadka badankood.Ma la isticmaali karaa xilliga uurka?Barasitamol badanaa waa la isticmaalaa inta uurka la leeyahay.
b) Co-dydramol
Maxaa loo isticmaalaa?Co-dydramol (10/500 10mg dihydrocodeine iyo 500mg paracetamol) waa isku darka barasitamol iyo dihydrocodeine. Dihydrocodeine way ka xoog badan tahay barasitamol waxaana loo isticmaalaa jabinta xanuunka fudud ama dhexdhexaadka ah.Sideen u qaataa?Qiyaasta: Co-dydramol 1 ilaa 2 kiniini 6dii saacba markii loo baahdo, ugu badnaanna 4 jeer maalintii. Ha qaadan wax ka badan 8 kiniini 24 saacadood gudahood.Waxaan kugula talineynaa inaad yareyso xanuun baabi’yeyaasha oo aad kiniiniyadan ku beddesho barasitamol sida ugu dhaqsaha badan taas oo badanaa ah wixii 3 ilaa 4 maalmood ka dambeeya. Maaddaama kiniinadani ay wataan barasitamol waa inaadan qaadan kiniini kale oo barasitamol ah isku waqti.Ha cabbin khamriga inta aad qaadaneyso co-dydramol.Waa maxay waxyeelooyinka?Waxyeelooyinka ugu badan ee dihydrocodeine waa hurdo la’aan, calool fadhi, xanuun ama afka oo qallalan. Waxaa lagugula talin karaa inaad qaadato calool jilciye haddii aad calool fadhi isku aragto adigoo qaadanaya co-dydramol.Ma aaminbaa in la isticmaalo inta uurka la leeyahay?Adeegsiga dihydrocodeine inta lagu guda jiro uurka oo xanuun baabi’ye ahaan loo qaato waa caadi hadii barasitamol waxba uu tari waayey. Isticmaal qiyaasta ugu yar ee wax ku oolka ah iyo xilliga ugu yar ee surogalka ah.Haddii aad jeclaan lahayd macluumaad dheeri ah oo ku saabsan isticmaalka dihydrocodeine xilliga uurka, fadlan kala hadal umulisadaada/dhakhtarkaaga.
2. Ferrous Sulphate (birta cunnada)
Maxaa loo isticmaalaa?Kaabista birta cunnada waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo yaraanta birta jirka. Marka jirku uusan helin bir ku filan, ma soo saari karo tirada unugyada dhiigga cas ee caadiga ah ee loo baahan yahay si ay caafimaadkaaga u wanaajiyaan. Waa wax caadi u ah haweenka uurka leh ama hadda dhalay inay xaaladdan maraan. Daawooyinkaani waxay u shaqeeyaan iyagoo badalaya birta jirka. Birta waa macdan uu jirku u baahan yahay si uu u soo saaro unugyada dhiigga cas.Sideen u qaataa?Ku laq kiniiniyada biyo. In kasta oo macdanta birta uu jirku si fiican u nuugo marka calooshu madhan tahay, waxaa laga yaabaa in la qaato cuntada ka dib si loo yareeyo saameynta ay caloosha ku yeelan karto. Macdanta birta waa inaan la isticmaalin hal saac kahor ama laba saacadood kadib cunista ama cabitaanka waxyaabaha soo socda: shaah, qaxwo, caano, ukunta iyo badarka. Cunooyinkani waxay yareyn karaan nuugista birta.Qiyaasta: Kiniiniyada Ferrous sulphate 200 mgDaaweynta yaraanta birta: 1 kiniin 2 ilaa 3 jeer maalintii.Ka hortagga yaraanta birta: 1 kiniin maalintii.Waa maxay waxyeelooyinka?Sida dawooyinka oo dhan, kiniiniyada ‘ferrous sulphate’-ka waxay sababi karaan waxyeelo, kuwa ugu caansan waxyeeladanna waa calool fadhiga, shuban, calool xanuun, dareen xanuun oo guud iyo saxarada oo madowaata.Ma la isticmaali karaa xilliga uurka?Kiniiniyada loo yaqaan ‘Ferrous sulphate’ waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa si badqab leh xilliga uurka. Hubso inaadan qaadan wax ka badan qiyaasta lagu taliyay.Haddii aadan u dulqaadan karin kiniiniyadan, waxaa la heli karaa beddel kale oo loo yaqaan ferrous fumarate. Tan waxaa la heli karaa iyadoo ah sidii dareere ama kiniinno. Saameyn isku mid ah iyo macluumaadka badbaadada kor ku xusan ayaa loo adeegsadaa sida ferrous sulphate-ka.
3. Daawooyinka calool fadhiga
Maxaa loo isticmaalaa?Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daaweeyo calool fadhiga. Haweenka uurka leh waxay la kulmi karaan calool fadhiga, oo noqon kara mid dhib badan. Tani waa sababta oo ah nidaamka dheef-shiidka oo dhan waxaa saameeya isbeddelada hormoonnada inta lagu jiro uurka. Waa muhiim in haweenka uurka leh ay ka taxaddaraan cunnadooda oo ay ku dadaalaan tagitaanka musqusha si looga fogaado calool fadhi aan loo baahnayn.Maxaan kale oo aan sameyn karaa si aan uga hortago calool fadhi?Tilmaamaha soo socdaa waxay gacan ka geysanayaan joogtaynta gelitaanka musqusha ee caadiga ah:
Cun cuntooyinka ay ku jiraan fiber-ka, tusaale ahaan rootiga , furuudka iyo khudradda.
Cab cabitaanno kugu filan, gaar ahaan biyaha.
Samee jimicsi joogto ah.
Daawooyinkan ayaa laguu qori karaa inta aad uurka leedahay. Haddii aad u maleynaysid inaad u baahantahay daawooyinka, lahadal umulisadaada ama dhaqtarkaaga. Ma aha dhammaan waxyaabaha caloosha jilciya ee aad iibsan karto inay ku habboon yihiin isticmaalka uurka.Waa maxay waxyeelooyinka?Waxyeelooyinka caadiga ah ee daawooyinka caloosha jilciya waxaa ka mid ah dareemida calool xanuun, neefta gadaal ka soo baxda oo koradha iyo calool xanuun fudud.Calool jilciyeyaasha badanaa la isticmaalo xilliga uurka/dhalmada kadib waxaa ka mid ah:
a) Lactulose
Lactulose waa calool jilciye dareera ah oo loo isticmaalo daaweynta iyo ka hortagga calool fadhiga. Lactulose waxay qaadan kartaa 2 ilaa 3 maalmood si ay saameyn u yeelato; guud ahaan waxaa loo arkaa inay tahay calool jiliciye fudud.Qiyaasta: Badanaa 10 mls laba jeer maalintii. Waa in si joogto ah loo qaataa si saameyn loo arko.
b) Fybogel (Ispaghula husk)
Fybogel waa cabitaan ‘fiber’ sareeya leh oo ka shaqeeya kordhinta fiberka cuntadaada. Fiberka oo ku kordha cuntada ayaa ka caawiya inuu si tartiib ah u yareeyo calool fadhiga. Fybogel waxaa loo arkaa inuu yahay calool jiliciye fudud. Waa muhiim in la ilaaliyo qaadashada cabitaanno kugu filan inta la isticmaalayo Fybogel.Qiyaasta: Qiyaasta caadiga ah waa hal baako oo lagu qasay galaas biyo ah, oo la isticmaalo illaa laba jeer maalin kasta.Ma aaminbaa in la isticmaalo Lactulose ama Fybogel inta uurka la leeyahay?Lactulose iyo Fybogel dhiigga ma galaan waxayna kaliya saameyn ku leeyihiin mindhicirka. Labada dawo guud ahaanba waxaa loo arkaa inay amaan yihiin in la isticmaalo xilliga uurka iyo naasnuujinta, iyadoo la raacayo talada umulisada ama dhakhtarka.
4. Ka hortagga xinjirowga dhiigga
Enoxaparin (oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Clexane) waxaa loo isticmaalaa in looga hortago xinjirooyinka dhiigga. Xinjirta dhiigga badanaa waxay u muuqdaan sida cudurka dhiig xinjirowga qotoda dheer (DVT) sida caadiga ahna waxaa lagu arkaa xididka lugta, ama xididada sambabada (PE) oo ay xinjir fariisato. Dhiigxinjirooyinka dhiigga ayaa aad ugu badan inta uurka la leeyahay dumarka, qaarna waxay halis sare ugu jiraan cilladan marka loo eego kuwa kale. Waxyaabaha halista ah ee kuu sababi kara samaynta xinjirowga dhiigga waxaa lagu baari doonaa xilliga booqashada ballantaada iyo haddii lagu seexiyo isbitaalka. Marka laga soo tago ka hortagga, enoxaparin waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa daaweynta DVT iyo PE (qiyaas sare).Sidee loo isticmaalaa enoxaparin inta uurka la leeyahay?Inta lagu jiro xilliga dhalmada ka hor, umulisadaada ama takhtarka dhalmada ayaa qiimeyn doona halista aad ugu jirto inaad qaado cudurka DVT ama PE. Waxay eegi doonaan taariikhdaadii hore iyo qodobo kale oo khatar ah oo jiri kara. Dhakhtarkaaga uurka ayaa markaa go’aan ka gaari doona haddii aad u baahan tahay enoxaparin inta aad uurka leedahay, iyo qiyaasta aad qaadan karto.Ma aaminbaa in la isticmaalo inta uurka la leeyahay?Enoxaparin waxaa lagu durayaa maqaarka gudihiisa. Waxaa badanaa lagu duraa maqaarka laabtiisa ee caloosha ama qaybta sare ee bowdadaada. Haddii tani aysan habboonayn, waxaa lagugula talin karaa in aad isaga durto goob kale. Waa inaan lagu durin muruqyadaada. Waxaa lagu siin karaa hal ama laba jeer maalin kasta. Waa inaad ilaalisaa oo aad qaadataa daawada waqtiga uu takhtarkaagu kugula taliyay.Sida loo duro Enoxaparin (Clexane)Waxaad awood u yeelan doontaa inaad isku durto enoxaparin mar haddii takhtarkaaga ama umulisadaada ay ku tusaan sida loo sameeyo, ama adoo raacaya waraaqda tilmaamaha ee lagu siin doono marka aad isbitaalka ka soo baxdo. Waa hab fudud oo aad guriga ku sameyn karto.Raac tillaabooyinkan:
Dhaq oo qalaji gacmahaaga.
Nadiifi goobta duritaanka. Haddii qof kale kuu sameynayo waxaa lagugula talinayaa inay xirtaan galoofyada (gacmo gashi).
Ka xulo goobta duritaanka dhinaca banaanka ee bowdadaada bidix ama midig ama calooshaada haddii lagula taliyo inaad sidaas sameyso. Waa muhiim inaad bedesho goobta mar kasta. Haddii uu jiro wax dhiig ah oo ka soo baxaaya goobta la duray, si jilicsan cadaadis u saar. Ha xoqin maxaa yeelay tani waxay sababi kartaa nabarro.
Ku tuur irbada sanduuqa jaalaha ah ee lagu siiyay. Sanduuqan waa in laga ilaaliyaa meel ay dadka kale gaari karaan.
Haddii aad dawooyin u qaadatid xaalad kasta oo muddo dheer ah, ha joojin qaadashada hana beddelin qiyaasta adigoon marka hore la hadlin GP-gaaga. Haddii aadan hubin badbaadada daawooyinka qaarkood, la hadal GP-gaaga ama farmashiistaha maxalliga ah. Daawooyin badan ayaa amaan ah marka la naasnuujinayo laakiin la hadal GP-gaaga kaasoo xaqiijin kara ama kugula talin kara bedel aamin ah.GP-gaaga wuxuu ku siin karaa foom saxiixan oo loogu talagalay shahaadada ka-dhaafka hooyonimada. Tani waxay kuu oggolaaneysaa inaad lacag ka siiso dawooyinka NHS-ta illaa hal sano dhalashada cunuggaaga.
Fiitamiinada iyo kaabista iyo daawooyinka ka hortagga
Waxaa lagula talinayaa in dumarka oo dhami ay qaataan folic acid iyo fiitamiin D supplements inta ay uurka leeyihiin. Haddii aad leedahay maqaar madow ah, ama had iyo jeer maqaarkaaga daboosho waxaad halis ugu jiri kartaa yaraanta fitamiin D. Hoos ka eeg xiriirada laxiriirta wixii macluumaad dheeri ah. Waxaad ka iibsan kartaa kuwan miiska dushiisa ama waxaad si kale u weydiisan kartaa GP-gaaga warqad dhakhtar. Folic acid waa la joojin karaa markaad uur leedahay 12 toddobaad, halka fiitamiin D la qaadan karo uurka oo dhan iyo naasnuujinta.Fiitamiinada kale uma badna in loo baahdo haddii aad leedahay cunto caafimaad leh oo isku dheelitiran.Haweenka qaar waxay ogaadaan in heerarkooda iron-ka ay ku dhacaan uurka – waxaa lagu siin doonaa baaritaanno dhiig si aad u aragto haddii aad u baahan tahay wax kabitaan iron ah. Haddii aad hesho faa’iidooyin gaar ah waxaad xaq u yeelan kartaa fiitamiinno bilaash ah oo ka socda Healthy Start.Mararka qaarkood waa lagama maarmaan in la qaato daawo uurka, in kasta oo tani ay had iyo jeer ku jirto talo gaar ah umulisadaada ama dhaqtarkaaga.Xaaladaha qaarkood, noocyo dawooyin ah ayaa lagula talinayaa ka iibsashada miiska halkii ay u baahan lahaayeen warqad dhakhtar.Noocyada daawooyinka ka mid ah qaybtaan waa:AntacidsLaxativesFiitamiinada iyo macdantaKaabista iron-kaAnalgesia (painkillers)Moisturisers iyo steroidsAspirinDaaweynta dhiigbaxa (piles), thrush, cold sores, dandruff iwm.Haddii xirfad-yaqaankaaga daryeelka caafimaadku kugula taliyo inaad qaadatid dawadan oo kale waxaa lagula talin doonaa inaad aragto farmashiistaha maxalliga ah, kaasoo awood u yeelan doona inuu bixiyo talo iyo macluumaad dheeri ah oo ku saabsan alaabada lagugula taliyay.
Qoraalkani wuxuu sharraxayaa qaar ka mid ah dadaallada NHS ee dhowaan loogu talagalay in lagu xoojiyo nabdoonaanta, iyadoo la ilaalinayo tayada daryeelka xarunta adeegyada dhalmada. Tani waxay kaa caawin doontaa inaad fahanto sida daryeelka loo qaabeeyey iyo sida aad u raadsan karto taageero dheeri ah.
Qorshaha Muddada Dheer ee NHS (2019) oo ujeedadiisu ay tahay:
Fududeeynta helitaanka taageerada caafimaadka maskaxda si deg deg ah sida caafimaadka jirka ee hooyooyinka oo kale, lammaanahooda iyo qoysaskooda. Ka raadi app-kan macluumaadka goobta aad joogto ama la hadal agaasimahaaga daryeelka caafimaad.
Fududeynta badqabka ilmaha iyada oo loo maraayo halbeegyada barnaamijka “NHS England Saving Babies’ Lives Care Bundle” oo ah:
4. Lasocodsiinta habeenka uurka leh muhiimadda ay leedahay in si dhakhso ah looga warbixiyo dhaqdhaqaaqa ilmaha oo yaraada.
5. In la sameeyo kormeer wax ku ool ah oo ku saabsan caafimaadka ilmaha inta lagu jiro foosha iyo dhalmada.
6. Yareynta tirada dhalashada kahor sagaal bilood iyo hagaajinta daryeelka marka dhalmada sagaal bilood kahor aan laga hortagi karin iyadoo loo maraayo:
a) Saadaalin
Qiimee halista oo tixraac dariiqa hoose, dhexe ama khatarta sare kadibna hagaaji qorshe daryeel shaqsiyeed ah oo ku saabsan hooyada.
b) Ka hortagga
Qiimee haddii asbiriin loo baahan yahay wixii ka bilaabada toddobaadka 12aad ee uurka.
Support to stop smoking.
Offer a urine test at the first antenatal appointment (Booking appointment) to screen for urine infection. If treatment is indicated, a repeat urine test should be taken to ensure infection has cleared up.
c) Preparation
Optimise place of birth to ensure that birth occurs in a maternity unit that has the appropriate neonatal care services to support your baby.
Birthing people are offered corticosteroid injections between 24 and 33+6 weeks, optimally at 48 hours before birth. This is to reduce the risk of your baby having breathing difficulties, gut problems, or bleeding in the brain.
Birthing people who are in established labour, or who are having a planned preterm birth within the following 24 hours, are offered magnesium sulphate infusion between 24+0 and 29+6 weeks of pregnancy (or considered for this infusion between 30+0 and 33+6 weeks of pregnancy) to reduce the risk of cerebral palsy in babies.
Improving general health outcomes for you and your baby. NHS England is funding a 6-8 weeks mother’s health check with your General Practitioner (GP)in addition to the baby check to assess your ongoing health and wellbeing needs.
Ockenden Report (2020)
This report aims to improve safety for you through pregnancy and post-birth through:
Enhanced safety in maternity units by undertaking a risk assessment at each contact with the birthing person to ensure that care is tailored to your needs.
Maternity services must ensure that birthing people, their partners and their families are listened to.
Care in complex pregnancies is managed with appropriate expertise and discussion and referrals made to specialist centres where necessary.
Maternity services follow best practice in monitoring of the baby in labour.
Provide access to accurate information to facilitate informed choice of intended place of birth and type of birth.
Ensure there is access to translation services if communication in English is difficult.
Shared decision making
All professionals should support you to make informed, value-based decisions by:
introducing you to the options available, including their advantages and disadvantages
helping you to explore these in the context of your preferences
empowering you to make decisions – all professionals should support you to make informed, value-based decisions by:
Ask yourself these three questions:
What are my options?
What are the pros and cons of each option for me?
How do I get support to help me make a decision that is right for me?
Ka dib 20-ka toddobaad ee baarista ultrasound-ka, waxaad weydiin kartaa umulisadaada ama GP-gaaga foomka MATB1. Foomkani wuxuu xaq kuu siinayaa mushaharka umusha ee sharciga ah ee loo shaqeeyaha ama kaalmada hooyonimada ee Jobcentre Plus.Inta uurka la leeyahay/dhalashada ka dib waxaad xaq u leedahay:
waqti fasax ah oo loogu talagalay ballamahaaga dhalmada ka hor
mushaharka hooyonimada ama gunnada hooyonimada
fasaxa umusha
ka hortagga daaweynta aan cadaalad ahayn, takoorka ama xil ka qaadista.
Wada-hawlgalayaasha foosha waxay xaq u leeyihiin hal ama laba toddobaad fasaxa aabbanimada oo aad wada joogtaan waxaad awoodi kartaa inaad qaadato fasaxa waalid ee la wadaago.Haddii aadan shaqeyn, ama adiga/qoyskaaga aad ku jirtid dakhli hoose waxaad xaq u yeelan kartaa dheefaha hooyada iyo gunnooyinka.Haddii aad shaqeyso, waa inaad u sheegtaa loo shaqeeyaha inaad uur leedahay ugu yaraan 15 toddobaad kahor taariikhda cunuggaaga. Markaad u sheegto loo shaqeeyaha waa inay sameeyaan qiimeyn halista ah, taas oo hubineysa in wixii isbeddel ah ee lagama maarmaanka ah lagu sameyn karo deegaankaaga shaqada ama qaabkaaga. Waxaa habboon in lala hadlo waaxda kheyraadka aadanaha ee shirkaddaada iyo helitaanka nidaamyada ku saabsan uurka iyo fasaxa umusha.Macluumaad dheeri ah oo ku saabsan fasaxa umusha/aabanimada, shaqada, cunugga ama dheefaha kale iyo lacagta waxaa laga heli karaa xiriiriyeyaashan la xiriira:
Ma jiraan wax xeerar ah oo ku saabsan markaad u sheegto cunug weyn in cunug cusub uu jidka kuso jiro, laakiin ra’yigu wuxuu soo jeedinayaa inay caqli gal tahay in sidaas la sameeyo markaad u sheegto dadka kale si ay si toos ah kaaga maqlaan. Cunug yar ayay ku adkaan doonta inuu fahmo waxa ay tani ula jeedo hadii loo isticmaalo buugaag ama sawirro ay caawin karaan ka siifican, ama tixraac caruur kale ee laga yaabo inay dhowaan walaal ama walaashiis cusub yeesheen. Bixi wixii macluumaad ah ee looga baahan yahay heerka fahamka ilmaha.Markuu uurku sii kordhayo, waqti ku qaadashada “hadalka” ilmaha si wada jir ah ayaa u suurtagelinaya cunugga weyn inuu xiriir sameeyo oo dareemo garaaca ilmaha (“dib u hadal”). Keenista guriga cunug cusub ayaa waxyar ka duwan markii labaad. Ilmahaaga ugu horreeya, waxaad diiradda saareysaa inaad ogaato sida loo daryeelo ilmaha. Ilmaha labaad, waxaad u badan tahay inaad la yaabto sida ilmahaagu ula dhaqmi doono markuu walaal cusub yeesho.Xiriirrada hoose waxay bixiyaan talo waxtar leh oo ku saabsan sida loo maareeyo kala-guurka.
Duugista perineum (aagga u dhexeeya xubinka taranka iyo dabada) toddobaadyada dambe ee uurka ayaa la muujiyey inay yareynayso suuragalnimada ilmada inta lagu jiro dhalashada, iyo iney ubaahan tolmo ama suuxdin. Tan waxaad ka bilaabi kartaa markaad uur leedahay 34 toddobaad oo aad ku tababarto maalin kasta/maalin kasta ilaa dhalashada cunuggaaga.Sida loo duugo perineum-kaaga:
gacmahaaga dhaq
si raaxo leh ugu fadhiiso lugahaaga jilbaha jilbaha si aad si fudud ugu gaadho perineum-kaaga. Adeegso muraayad haddii aad rabto
saliidda duugista (gaar ahaan khudradda ku saleysan) mari maqaarka perineum iyadoo la adeegsanayo faraha iyo suulka
hal ama labada suul gali gudaha xubinka taranka oo hoos ugu riix dhanka duburka. U dhaqaaq dhinac kasta dhaqdhaqaaqa fidinta U-qaabeeya. Tani waxay siin kartaa dareen kacsan/gubasho
ujeeddadiisu tahay in lagu duugo aagga gudaha xubinka taranka, maahan maqaarka banaanka
ujeedadoodu tahay in lagu dabaqo duugista shan daqiiqo.
Laga bilaabo 16-24 toddobaad oo aad ku jirtid waa inaad dareentaa in ilmuhu sii socdo oo ka sii badan illaa 32 toddobaad, ka dibna si isku mid ah isku sii joog illaa aad dhaleyso.Waqti u qaad inaad barato qaabka caadiga ah ee cunuggaaga dhaqdhaqaaqiisa. Waa inaad sii wadaa inaad dareento in ilmahaagu si joogto ah u socdo ilaa aad ka dhalaysid isaga ama iyada.Dhaqdhaqaaqa ilmahaagu wuxuu siinayaa dammaanad qaad ah in isaga ama iyadu ay wanaagsan yihiin, sidaa darteedna haddii aad aragto dhaqdhaqaaqyadan inay isbeddelaan ama ay ka yareeyaan sidi aad kubaratay, waxaa muhiim ah in loogu yeero umulisadaada ama si deg deg ah looga qeyb galo qeybta dhalmada.
